Using simple commands that even a child could learn, imagine being able to see and understand every corner of your system. In this article, we will explain step by step how to use basic commands for navigating Linux, focusing on managing directories and moving between them. Keep reading and enter the fascinating world of Linux.

Why learn to navigate Linux?

Linux is a robust and flexible operating system used on servers, personal computers, and embedded devices. Knowing its basic commands not only helps you understand how it works, but also gives you greater efficiency and control over your machine. By mastering the terminal, you can perform tasks quickly and precisely, avoiding graphical interfaces in some situations. This is especially useful for system administrators and technology enthusiasts who want to optimize their daily work.

Basic commands for navigating Linux

Here is a list of essential commands for moving through and managing directories in Linux. Each command has a specific purpose, and by combining them you will become more comfortable in the terminal.

pwd: Where am I?

The pwd command (print working directory) displays the full path of the directory you are currently in. It is like looking at a map of your location in a vast maze. With pwd, you will always know where you are in the system.

$ pwd
/home/usuario

ls: List the contents

The ls command lists all files and subdirectories in the current directory. It is ideal for seeing at a glance which items are around you.

$ ls
Documentos Descargas Escritorio

cd: Change directory

With cd (change directory), you can move from one directory to another. You can use absolute paths, which start from the system root, or relative paths, which are based on your current location. For example:

  • Absolute path:
$ cd /home/usuario/Documentos
  • Relative path:
$ cd Documentos

To return to the parent directory, use cd ... To return to your home directory, simply type cd without arguments.

tree: Display the directory structure

The tree command displays a graphical representation of the directory and subdirectory structure. This makes it easier to see how files are organized.

$ tree
.
├── Documentos
│   ├── archivo1.txt
│   └── archivo2.txt
└── Descargas
    └── imagen.png

mkdir: Create directories

If you want to organize your files more effectively, mkdir (make directory) lets you create new directories. It is a simple way to start structuring your information.

$ mkdir Proyectos

rmdir: Remove directories

To remove empty directories, use rmdir (remove directory). Make sure the directory is empty first, because this command does not remove content stored inside it.

$ rmdir Proyectos

Absolute and relative paths in Linux

An essential part of navigating Linux is understanding the difference between absolute and relative paths. Absolute paths start at the system root, such as /home/usuario/Documentos, and take you directly to a specific location. Relative paths start from your current location, allowing you to move without typing the complete path. To learn more, read my article Limirai: Relative and Absolute Paths in Linux.

Tips for improving your Linux experience

  • Practice regularly: The best way to become familiar with the terminal is to practice. Do not be afraid of mistakes; every error is an opportunity to learn.

  • Use help: Many commands have help options. For example, type man ls to read the complete manual for ls.

  • Organize your directories: Keep your files organized by creating a logical folder structure. This makes navigation more intuitive and efficient.

  • Explore official resources: For official and current information, visit Kernel.org and GNU.org. Both are reliable resources for learning more about how Linux works.

Conclusion

Mastering basic Linux navigation commands is the first step toward becoming an advanced user. With pwd, ls, cd, tree, mkdir, and rmdir in your toolkit, you can move confidently through directories and manage your system efficiently. Remember that every command has a purpose, and combining them gives you greater control over your Linux environment.

Now that you know the essentials, experiment and explore on your own. The Linux world is full of possibilities, and it is up to you to discover them.

For more official Linux information, remember to visit Kernel.org and GNU.org. These sources provide first-hand documentation and information to help you keep learning.